Catholic Apologetics Bible Sheet (PDF)
Catholic Apologetics Bible Sheet (PDF)
ABORTION IS EVIL
Life begins at conception
Job 31:15 God made you in the womb...formed us in our mothers
Ps 22:9-10 “from my mother’s womb you have been my God”
Ps 139:13-16 “you knit me together in my mother’s womb...your eyes saw my unformed body”
Is 44:2; Is 49:5 the Lord formed you in the womb
Is 46:3-4 “I have upheld you since you were conceived”
Jer 1:4-5 “before you were born I set you apart”
Lk 1:41 “the baby leapt in her womb
We should be involved in pro-life causes
Ex 20:13 Thou shalt not murder
Ps 82:3-4 defend the weak and fatherless
Prov 24:11-12 rescue those being led away to death
Pharmaceutical abortion condemned
Gal 5:20; Rev 9:2; Rev 21:8
These three passages condemn “sorcery”. However, the Greek word used is pharmakeia, a word denoting harmful pharmaceutical contraceptives and abortifacients.
ALCOHOL
God permits drinking alcohol
Gen 27:25 –Isaac drinks wine
Deut 14:23-26 –God tells Israelites to buy wine and strong drink
Eccl 9:7 drink your wine with a merry heart, God approves of it
Isa 25:6 –God provides choice wine
Lk 7:33-34 –Jesus drinks wine
Jn 2:2-10 –Jesus turns water into wine
1 Tim 5:23 –Paul tells Timothy to drink wineDrunkenness is a sin
Prov 20:1 –wine is a mocker
Isa 5:11 –Woe to those addicted to alcohol
Isa 5:22 –Woe to “heroes of drinking wine”
Eph 5:18 –do not get drunk
BAPTISM OF INFANTS
Acts 2:38-39 -“Repent and be baptized... this promise is for you and your children.”
Acts 16:15, 16:33, 18:8; 1 Cor 1:16 -household baptisms suggest baptism of children
Jn 3:5; Rom 6:4 -necessity of baptism
Col 2:11-12 –OT circumcision replaced by NT baptism as sign of the covenant (OT circumcision was performed on infants, see Gen 17:12)
BAPTISMAL REGENERATION (BORN AGAIN)
Jn 3:5 –born of water and spirit
Acts 2:37-38 –be baptized and receive Holy Spirit
Acts 22:16 –be baptized and wash away your sins
Rom 6:4-46 –baptized into death, live in newness of life
1 Cor 6:11 –you were washed, sanctified, justified
Titus 3:5 –the “washing of regeneration”
1 Pet 3:21 –baptism now saves you
Heb 10:22 –heart sprinkled, bodies washed in water
CELIBACY
Jer 16:1-4 –God commands Jeremiah to be celibate
Mt 19:12 –celibacy commended by Christ
1 Cor 7:7-9 –Paul was celibate
1 Cor 7:32-33 –celibacy commended by Paul
1 Tim 5:9-12 –pledge of celibacy taken by widows
CHURCH AUTHORITY
Acts 2:42 -doctrine, community, sacred rite (bread)
Eph 5:25-26 -Christ loves the Church
1 Tim 3:15 -church is “the pillar and foundation of the truth.”
Mt 16:18; 20:20 -Christ protects Church
Heb 13:17 -“obey your leaders and submit to them; for they are keeping watch over your souls”
Mt 18:17-18 -church as final authority
Mt 23:2 -Pharisees succeeded Moses (seat of Moses)
1 Cor 5:5; 1 Tim 1:20 -Church has power of excommunication
CHURCH UNITY
Jn10:16 –one sheepfold and one shepherd
Jn 17:17-23 –Jesus prays that his disciples might be one as He and the Father are one Rom 12:4-5 –though many, we are one body in Christ
Rom 16:17 –avoid those who cause schism
1 Cor 1:10 –there should be no divisions among you
Eph 4:3-6 –one body, one Spirit, one hope, one Lord, on faith, one baptism, one God & Father
Col 3:15 –called in one body
CONFESSION
Jn 20:22-23 -“if you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven.”
Mt 18:18 -binding on earth and heaven
2 Cor 5:18 -the Apostles possess the “ministry of reconciliation.”
Jas 5:14-16 -speaks about the forgiveness of sins, anointing of the sick, confession
CONTRACEPTION IS EVIL
Human fertility is a blessing
Gen 1:27-28 –be fruitful and multiply
Ex 23:25-26; Deut 7:13-14 –fertility declared a covenantal blessing
Ps 127:3-5 –children are a gift from God...blessed is a quiver full
Hos 9:10-17 –Israel punished with childlessness
1 Tim 2:11-15 –women saved through childbearing
Lev 21:20 –crushed testicles called defect/blemish
Deut 23:1 –castrated men banned from OT worship
Withholding self and seed is unnatural and sinful
Gen 38:9-10 –Onan killed by God for spilling his semen on the ground
Acts 5:1-11 –Ananias/Saphira slain for withholding part of their gift
The OT punishes sterile sex with death
Lev 20:13 –death sentence for man with man (sterile sex)
Lev 20:15 –death sentence for man with animal (sterile sex)
Lev 20:16 –death sentence for woman with animals (sterile sex)
Artificial means of contraception condemned
Gal 5:20; Rev 9:2; Rev 21:8 These three passages condemn “sorcery”. However, the Greek word used is pharmakeia, a word denoting pharmaceutical contraceptives and abortificants.
DEUTEROCANONICAL BOOKS ARE SCRIPTURAL
The seven books are: Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach (aka Ecclesiasticus), Baruch, and 1 and 2 Maccabees. The Council of Rome in AD 382 formally canonized these seven “deuterocanonical” books along with the rest of the OT and NT as we know it.
In the 1500s, Martin Luther removed these seven books from the OT because first century Rabbinical Jews had previously rejected them. Protestants call them the “Apocrypha” meaning “hidden” books. First century Jews who denied that Jesus was the Messiah rejected these seven books because of their emphasis on the Messiah and the resurrection.
However, the New Testament actually refers to the seven “extra” deuterocanonical books, which means that the NT authors approved of these seven books. For example:
oHeb 11:35 refers to 2 Mac 6:18-7:42
o1 Pet 1:6-7 refers to Wisdom 3:5-6
oRom 1:18-32 refers to Wisdom 13:1-9
The Greek version of the OT called the “Septuagint” contained the deuterocanonicals and the Septuagint is frequently quoted by the NT authors: Is7:14 -Mt 1:23; Is 40:3 -Mt 3:3; Joel 2:30-31 -Acts 2:19-29; Ps 95:7-9 -Heb 3:7-9.
EUCHARIST & REAL PRESENCE
Mt 26:26-27; Mk 14:22,24; Lk 22:19-20; 1 Cor 10:24-25 –“This is my Body...This is my Blood.”
1 Cor 5:7 –“Christ our Passover has been sacrificed for us, therefore let us keep the feast” (i.e. the Eucharist)
1 Cor 10:16 –eating Eucharist is participation or communion with the Body and Blood of Christ.
1 Cor 11:26-30 –unworthy eating is sinning against the Body and Blood of Christ
Jn 6:52-58 -you must eat the Body and Blood of Jesus
[52] The Jews then disputed among themselves, saying, "How can this man give us his flesh to eat?"don’t make
[53] So Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, you have no life in you;
[54] he who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.
[55] For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed.
[56] He who eats my flesh and drinks my bloodabides in me, and I in him.
[57] As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so he who eats me will live because of me.
[58] This is the bread which came down from heaven, not such as the fathers ate and died; he who eats this bread will live for ever."
Ps 27:1-2; Is 9:18-20; Is 49:26; Mic 3:3; Rev 17:6,16 –shows that symbolic interpretation of Jn 6 inappropriate
Gen 14:18; Ps 110:4; Heb 7:1-17 -Christ is a priest like Melchizedek, offering bread and wine
Acts 2:42 –“breaking of bread” refers to Eucharist
FAITH & WORKS
James 2:24 –not justified by faith alone
James 2:26 –faith without works is dead Gal 5:6 –we must have “faith working in love” Phil 2:12; 2 Cor 5:10; Rom 2:6-10, 13, 3:31; Mt 25:32-46; Gal 6:6-10; Rev 20:12 –works have merit
Jn 14:15 –if you love me, keep my commandments
1 Jn 2:3-4; 1 Jn 3:24; 1 Jn 5:3 -keep commandments
FASTING
Mt 6:16-18 –Jesus gives directions for how to fast
Mt 9:15 –Christ’s disciples will fast when he is gone
Mk 7:19 –all foods are called clean
1 Tim 4:4-5 –all foods are good
HELL EXISTS
Is 33:11-14 everlasting flames
Mt 25:41 depart, you accursed, into the eternal fire
Mt 25:46 these will go off to eternal punishment
Lk 3:16-17 the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire
2 Thes 1:6-9 these will pay the penalty of eternal ruin
HOMOSEXUALITY
Gen 1:27 –God made them male and female
Gen 19 –the homosexuals of Sodom destroyed
Lev 18:22 –homosexuality called “abomination”
Lev 20:13 –death penalty for homosexuality
Rom 1:27 –called unnatural, shameful, and a perversity
1 Cor 6:9 –active homosexuals will not inherit the kingdom of God
1 Tim 1:9-10 –homosexuals called “sinners”
JUSTIFICATION NOT MERELY FORENSIC OR IMPUTED
1 Jn 1:7, 2 Pet 1:9 -purified from sins
Jn 1:29, Heb 9:26-28 -takes away sin
Ps 50:3, Ps 102:12, Is 43:25 -blot out, clear away sin
Rom 2:13, Rom 3:20 -future justification
Heb 11:8-Gen 12:1-4; Rom 4:2-3-Gen 15:6; Jas 2:21-23-Gen 22:1-18 -justifications of Abraham
Jas 2:24 “You see that a man is justified by works and not by faith alone.”
2 Pet 1:4 -become partakers of the divine nature
MARY
Lk 1:42-48 -“blessed are you among women.”
Jn 2:1-5 -Mary’s intercession
Lk 1:43 –Mary is “Mother of God”
Immaculate Conception of Mary
The Immaculate Conception is thedoctrine that Mary was conceived without original sin by the “pre-applied” grace of Christ’s death on the cross
Gen 3:15 with Rev 12:1-17 Mary is the New Eve and enemy of the Serpent
Lk 1:28 -“Hail, full of grace! The Lord is with you.” The Greek word for “full of grace” is kecharitomene, denoting a plenitude of grace. Wherever grace is full, sin is absent.
Mary Ever-Virgin
John 19:26-27 -Jesus gives care of Mary to John, not one of his “brothers”
2 Sam 6:23; Gen 8:7, Dt 34:6 -passages demonstrating that “until” (Mt 1:25) does not denote consummation
Rev 11:19-12:3 -Mary is the Ark of the New Covenant and it would be unfitting for her sacred womb to be violated
The so-called “Brothers” of JesusIn Jewish antiquity, “brother” does not mean “blood brother” but simply “kinsman”
Gen 14:14 -Lot, Abraham’s nephew (Gen 11:26-28), described as Abraham’s brother (KJV)Gen 29:15 -Laban, Jacob’s uncle, calls Jacob his “brother” (KJV)
The “brothers” of Jesus number are actually the children of Mary the wife of Cleophas Mary wife of Cleophas and “sister” of the Virgin Mary (Jn 19:25) is the mother of James and Joseph (Mk 15:47; Mt 27:56) who are called the “brothers of Jesus” (Mk 6:3).
The number of the “brothers” of Jesus equals about 95 men!!!
Acts 1:12-15 says that there were 120 at Pentecost consisting of apostles (12 people), Mary (1 person), “some women” (about 12 people) and Jesus’ “brothers”—this means that the “brothers of Jesus numbered at about 95 people!!! Obviously “brothers” does not mean blood brothers.
Assumption & Coronation of Mary
Gen 5:24; Heb 11:5; 2 Kings 2:1-13 -Enoch and Elijah were assumed bodily into heaven
2 Tim 4:8, Jas 1:12, 1 Pet 5:4, Rev 2:10 -coronation awaits saints
ORIGINAL SIN
Gen 2:16-17 –the day you eat...you shall die (spiritual death)
Gen 3:11-19 -God’s punishment for eating of tree
Ps 51:5 –in sin my mother conceived me
Rom 5:12-19 –many became sinners through one man’s sin
1 Cor 15:21-23 –by man came death; in Adam all die
PETER & PAPACY
Peter, the first Pope, is named 195 times in the New Testament –more than all the other Apostles combined.
Mt 16:18 –on this rock (Peter) I will build my Church
Mt 16:19 –I will give you the keys of the kingdom...whatever you bind on earth is bound in heaven
Lk 22:32 –Peter’s faith will strengthen his brethren
Lk 24:34 –Peter is first apostle to see resurrected Christ
Jn 21:17 –Peter is Christ’s chief shepherd who “feeds the sheep”
Mk 16:7 –angel sent to announce resurrection to Peter
Acts 1:13-26 –Peter oversees election of Matthias
Acts 2:14 –Peter preaches first apostolic sermon
Acts 3:6-7 –Peter performs first apostolic miracle
Acts 8:21 –Peter excommunicates first heretic
Acts 10:44-46 –Peter baptizes first Gentile
Acts 15:7 –Peter presides over first apostolic council
Acts 15:19 –Peter pronounces first apostolic dogma
Gal 1:18 –Paul visits Peter after his conversion
PRIESTHOOD
The English word “priest” comes from the Greek work “presbyter” meaning “elder”.
Rom 15:16 Paul calls himself “a minister of Christ Jesus with the priestly dutyof proclaiming the gospel of God”
Acts 1:15-26; 2 Tim 2:2; Tit 1:5 -unbroken Apostolic Succession of laying on of hands
Acts 15:6,23; 1 Tim 4:14, 5:22; 1 Tim 5:17; Jas 5:13-15 -presbyters/elders (priests) were ordained to preach and administer the sacraments.
Lk 16:24; Rom 4; 1 Cor 4:14-15; Acts 7:2; 1 Thes 2:11; 1 Jn 2:13-14 -ministers called “father”
Gen 14:18; Ps 110:4; Heb 7:1-17 -priest forever according to order of Melchizedek, offering bread and wine.
PRAYERS FOR THE DEAD
2 Mac 12:43-46 -sacrifice for the dead
2 Tim 1:15-18 -Paul prays for the now deceased Onesiphorus for “that Day”
PURGATORY
Purgatory is the state where the Holy Spirit purifies people who are saved but who still need to repent of their particular sins. Christ remits eternal guilt at justification, but completes personal sanctificatin, if necessary, in purgatory.
1 Cor 3:15 -“he himself will be saved, but only as one escaping through the flames.”
Lk 12:59; 1 Pet 1:7; Mt 5:25-26 –examples of temporal punishment
Heb 12:6-11 -God’s painful discipline
Mt 12:32 -no forgiveness...nor in the age to come.
Rev 21:27 -nothing unclean shall enter heaven
Heb 12:23 -souls in heaven “having been made perfect.”
Col 1:24 -“extra” suffering
RELICS
2 Kgs 13:20-21 -Elisha’s bones give life to a dead man (1st class relic)
Mt 9:20-22 -Jesus’ garment cures a woman (2ndclass relic)
Acts 19:11,12 -handkerchiefs and aprons touch to Paul’s body heal the sick (3rdclass relic)
Acts 5:15-16 -Peter’s shadow thought to heal the sick
SAINTS
Mk 12:26-27 -“not God of the dead, but of the living.”
Jn 15:1-8 -vine and its branches
1 Cor 12:25-27; Rom 12:4-5 -body of Christ.
Eph 6:18; Rom 15:30; Col 4:3; 1 Thess 1:11 -intercessory prayer.
Jos 5:14; Dan 8:17; Tob 12:16 -veneration of angels united with God (Mt 18:10)
1 Cor 13:12; 1 John 3:2 -saints also united with God
Lk 20-34-38 -those who died are like angels
2 Mac 15:11-16 -deceased Onias and Jeremiah interceded for Jews
Rev 5:8; Rev 8:3-4 -saints in heaven presenting to the Lamb the prayers of those on earthSALVATION (“Have you been saved?”)Past Event (“I have been saved”)
Rom 8:24 –in you hope you were saved
Eph 2:5-8 –by grace you have been saved
2 Tim 1:9 –he saved us, he called us
Titus 3:5 –he saved us though the washing of regenerationPresent Event (“I am being saved”)
Phil 2:12 –work out your salvation with fear and trembling
1 Pet 1:9 –as you attain the goal of your faith, salvationFuture Event (“I will be saved”)
Mt 10:22 –he who endures to the end willbe saved
Mt 24:13 –he who perseveres to the end will be saved
Mk 8:35 –he who loses his life for my sake will save it
Acts 15:11 –we shall be saved through the grace of Jesus
Rom 5:9-10 –since we are justified, we shall be saved
Rom 13:11 –salvation is nearer now than when we first believed
1 Cor 3:15 –he will be saved, but only through fire
Heb 9:28 –Jesus will appear again to bring salvation“Once saved always saved” denied by Scripture
Mt 7:21 –Not everyone who says “Lord, Lord” will be saved
Mt 24:13 –he who perseveres to the end will be saved
Rom 11:21-22 -spare branches, continue or be cut off.
1 Cor 9:27 -“I beat my body and make it my slave so that after I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified for the prize.”
1 Cor 10:12 -“So, if you think you are standing firm, be careful that you don’t fall!.”
Gal 5:4-“You who are trying to be justified by law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace.”
Gal 5:4 –“you have fallen from grace”
Phil 2:12 -“work out salvation with fear and trembling.”
Heb 4:1 -“the promise of entering his rest still stands, let us be careful that none of you be found to have fallen short of it.”
Heb 6:4-6 –describes “enlightened” Christians who have fallen away from Christ
Heb 10:26-29 -“worse punishment ... for the man who has spurned the Son of God, and profaned the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and outraged the Spirit of grace”
Jas 5:19-20 -Christians can “wander from the truth,” which leads to “death”
2 Pet 2:1 -“even denying the Master who bought them, bringing upon themselves swift destruction.”
2 Pet 2:20 –some have come to knowledge of Christ but they have returned to sin and their end is worse than their beginnings
1 Jn 5:16-17 -some sins are mortal, some not
SCRIPTURE & TRADITION
Jn 21:25 -not everything is in the Bible
2 Thess 2:15; 2 Tim 2:2; 1 Cor 11:2; 1 Thess 2:13 -Paul speaks of oral tradition
Acts 2:42 -early Christians followed apostolic tradition
2 Pet 3:16 -Bible hard to understand, meaning easily distorted
2 Jn 1:12; 3 Jn 1:13-14 -more oral tradition
2 Pet 1:20-21 -against personal interpretation of Bible
Acts 8:31; Heb 5:12 -guidance needed to interpret scriptures
SEVEN SACRAMENTS INSTITUTED BY CHRIST
1.Baptism -Mt 28:19
2.Confirmation -Acts 8:14-17; Heb 6:2
3.Eucharist -Mt 26:26-29
4.Penance -John 20:21-23
5.Anointing of Sick -Mk 6:13, James 5:14-15
6.Holy Orders -Acts 6:3-6; 1 Tim. 3:1; 1 Tim. 3:8-9; 1 Tim. 4:14-16; 1 Tim. 5:17-19-22
7.Matrimony -Mt 19:10-11; Eph 5:31-32
STATUES & ICONS
Ex 25:18-22, 26:1, 31; Num 21:8-9 -God commands sacred images to be made
1 Kgs 6:23-29, 35, 7:29 -Solomon’s Temple contained both statues and images
TRINITY(one Substance, three divine Persons)
Mt 28:19 –Baptism is Trinitarian “I baptize you inthe name (singular) of the Father, and of Son, and of Holy Spirit.”Jesus is a Divine Person
Jn 1:1 the Word was with God and the Word was God
Jn 8:58-59 –Before Abraham was, I AM
Jn 10:30 –Jesus “I and the Father are one."
Jn 20:28 –Jesus accepts Thomas’ words “My Lord and my God!”
Col 2:9 –in [Jesus] dwells bodily the whole fullness of GodHoly Spirit is a Divine Person
Jn 14:26 –the Holy Spririt will teach you all things
Acts 5:3-4 –lying to the Holy Spirit is lying to God
Acts 13:2 –“Holy Spiritsaid, ‘Set apart for me...’”
WORSHIP
Rev 4:8 –heavenly hosts repeat set prayers
1 Kg 8:54; 2 Chr 6:13; Ezra 9:5; Mt 17:14; Lk 5:8 –kneeling as a position of prayer and worship
Rev 5:8; 8:3-4 –incense used in New Testament
1 Cor 12 -different roles of members of body
Heb 13:10; Rev 8:3 –Christian worship involves an altar
Rev 4:4 –elders/presbyters (priests) wearing vestments in worship
Heresies Checklist
oDocetism teaches that Jesus only appeared to be human. On the contrary, the Catholic Church teaches that Christ if fully God and fully man.
oArianism teaches that Jesus not fully God. On the contrary, the Catholic Church teaches that Christ if fully God and fully man.
oNestorianism teaches that Jesus is two “persons” -Jesus the human son of Mary and Jesus the divine Son of God. On the contrary, the Catholic Church teaches that Christ is one person with two natures: divine nature and human nature.
oMonophysitism teaches that Jesus is fully God but not fully man. The Catholic Church teaches that Christ hastwo natures: divine nature and human nature.
oMonothelitism teaches that Jesus has only one will. The Catholic Church teaches that Christ has two wills: a divine will and a human will belonging to His human soul.
oIconoclasm teaches that images are idolatrous. On the contrary, the Catholic Church defends the use of Christian (not pagan) images since Christ became visible through the incarnation.
oPelagianism denies original sin and teaches that grace is not necessary for salvation. The Catholic Church teachesthat we are born in original sin and saved by grace through faith and works.
The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus is:
oSecond Person of the Trinity
oOne divine person with two natures (divine & human)
o100% divine (Son of God)
o100% human (Son of Mary)oChrist or Messiah (Son of David)
oRose from the dead and is seated at Father’s right hand
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Ref.: newsaintthomas.com
Life begins at conception
Job 31:15 God made you in the womb...formed us in our mothers
Ps 22:9-10 “from my mother’s womb you have been my God”
Ps 139:13-16 “you knit me together in my mother’s womb...your eyes saw my unformed body”
Is 44:2; Is 49:5 the Lord formed you in the womb
Is 46:3-4 “I have upheld you since you were conceived”
Jer 1:4-5 “before you were born I set you apart”
Lk 1:41 “the baby leapt in her womb
We should be involved in pro-life causes
Ex 20:13 Thou shalt not murder
Ps 82:3-4 defend the weak and fatherless
Prov 24:11-12 rescue those being led away to death
Pharmaceutical abortion condemned
Gal 5:20; Rev 9:2; Rev 21:8
These three passages condemn “sorcery”. However, the Greek word used is pharmakeia, a word denoting harmful pharmaceutical contraceptives and abortifacients.
ALCOHOL
God permits drinking alcohol
Gen 27:25 –Isaac drinks wine
Deut 14:23-26 –God tells Israelites to buy wine and strong drink
Eccl 9:7 drink your wine with a merry heart, God approves of it
Isa 25:6 –God provides choice wine
Lk 7:33-34 –Jesus drinks wine
Jn 2:2-10 –Jesus turns water into wine
1 Tim 5:23 –Paul tells Timothy to drink wineDrunkenness is a sin
Prov 20:1 –wine is a mocker
Isa 5:11 –Woe to those addicted to alcohol
Isa 5:22 –Woe to “heroes of drinking wine”
Eph 5:18 –do not get drunk
BAPTISM OF INFANTS
Acts 2:38-39 -“Repent and be baptized... this promise is for you and your children.”
Acts 16:15, 16:33, 18:8; 1 Cor 1:16 -household baptisms suggest baptism of children
Jn 3:5; Rom 6:4 -necessity of baptism
Col 2:11-12 –OT circumcision replaced by NT baptism as sign of the covenant (OT circumcision was performed on infants, see Gen 17:12)
BAPTISMAL REGENERATION (BORN AGAIN)
Jn 3:5 –born of water and spirit
Acts 2:37-38 –be baptized and receive Holy Spirit
Acts 22:16 –be baptized and wash away your sins
Rom 6:4-46 –baptized into death, live in newness of life
1 Cor 6:11 –you were washed, sanctified, justified
Titus 3:5 –the “washing of regeneration”
1 Pet 3:21 –baptism now saves you
Heb 10:22 –heart sprinkled, bodies washed in water
CELIBACY
Jer 16:1-4 –God commands Jeremiah to be celibate
Mt 19:12 –celibacy commended by Christ
1 Cor 7:7-9 –Paul was celibate
1 Cor 7:32-33 –celibacy commended by Paul
1 Tim 5:9-12 –pledge of celibacy taken by widows
CHURCH AUTHORITY
Acts 2:42 -doctrine, community, sacred rite (bread)
Eph 5:25-26 -Christ loves the Church
1 Tim 3:15 -church is “the pillar and foundation of the truth.”
Mt 16:18; 20:20 -Christ protects Church
Heb 13:17 -“obey your leaders and submit to them; for they are keeping watch over your souls”
Mt 18:17-18 -church as final authority
Mt 23:2 -Pharisees succeeded Moses (seat of Moses)
1 Cor 5:5; 1 Tim 1:20 -Church has power of excommunication
CHURCH UNITY
Jn10:16 –one sheepfold and one shepherd
Jn 17:17-23 –Jesus prays that his disciples might be one as He and the Father are one Rom 12:4-5 –though many, we are one body in Christ
Rom 16:17 –avoid those who cause schism
1 Cor 1:10 –there should be no divisions among you
Eph 4:3-6 –one body, one Spirit, one hope, one Lord, on faith, one baptism, one God & Father
Col 3:15 –called in one body
CONFESSION
Jn 20:22-23 -“if you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven.”
Mt 18:18 -binding on earth and heaven
2 Cor 5:18 -the Apostles possess the “ministry of reconciliation.”
Jas 5:14-16 -speaks about the forgiveness of sins, anointing of the sick, confession
CONTRACEPTION IS EVIL
Human fertility is a blessing
Gen 1:27-28 –be fruitful and multiply
Ex 23:25-26; Deut 7:13-14 –fertility declared a covenantal blessing
Ps 127:3-5 –children are a gift from God...blessed is a quiver full
Hos 9:10-17 –Israel punished with childlessness
1 Tim 2:11-15 –women saved through childbearing
Lev 21:20 –crushed testicles called defect/blemish
Deut 23:1 –castrated men banned from OT worship
Withholding self and seed is unnatural and sinful
Gen 38:9-10 –Onan killed by God for spilling his semen on the ground
Acts 5:1-11 –Ananias/Saphira slain for withholding part of their gift
The OT punishes sterile sex with death
Lev 20:13 –death sentence for man with man (sterile sex)
Lev 20:15 –death sentence for man with animal (sterile sex)
Lev 20:16 –death sentence for woman with animals (sterile sex)
Artificial means of contraception condemned
Gal 5:20; Rev 9:2; Rev 21:8 These three passages condemn “sorcery”. However, the Greek word used is pharmakeia, a word denoting pharmaceutical contraceptives and abortificants.
DEUTEROCANONICAL BOOKS ARE SCRIPTURAL
The seven books are: Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach (aka Ecclesiasticus), Baruch, and 1 and 2 Maccabees. The Council of Rome in AD 382 formally canonized these seven “deuterocanonical” books along with the rest of the OT and NT as we know it.
In the 1500s, Martin Luther removed these seven books from the OT because first century Rabbinical Jews had previously rejected them. Protestants call them the “Apocrypha” meaning “hidden” books. First century Jews who denied that Jesus was the Messiah rejected these seven books because of their emphasis on the Messiah and the resurrection.
However, the New Testament actually refers to the seven “extra” deuterocanonical books, which means that the NT authors approved of these seven books. For example:
oHeb 11:35 refers to 2 Mac 6:18-7:42
o1 Pet 1:6-7 refers to Wisdom 3:5-6
oRom 1:18-32 refers to Wisdom 13:1-9
The Greek version of the OT called the “Septuagint” contained the deuterocanonicals and the Septuagint is frequently quoted by the NT authors: Is7:14 -Mt 1:23; Is 40:3 -Mt 3:3; Joel 2:30-31 -Acts 2:19-29; Ps 95:7-9 -Heb 3:7-9.
EUCHARIST & REAL PRESENCE
Mt 26:26-27; Mk 14:22,24; Lk 22:19-20; 1 Cor 10:24-25 –“This is my Body...This is my Blood.”
1 Cor 5:7 –“Christ our Passover has been sacrificed for us, therefore let us keep the feast” (i.e. the Eucharist)
1 Cor 10:16 –eating Eucharist is participation or communion with the Body and Blood of Christ.
1 Cor 11:26-30 –unworthy eating is sinning against the Body and Blood of Christ
Jn 6:52-58 -you must eat the Body and Blood of Jesus
[52] The Jews then disputed among themselves, saying, "How can this man give us his flesh to eat?"don’t make
[53] So Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, you have no life in you;
[54] he who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day.
[55] For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed.
[56] He who eats my flesh and drinks my bloodabides in me, and I in him.
[57] As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father, so he who eats me will live because of me.
[58] This is the bread which came down from heaven, not such as the fathers ate and died; he who eats this bread will live for ever."
Ps 27:1-2; Is 9:18-20; Is 49:26; Mic 3:3; Rev 17:6,16 –shows that symbolic interpretation of Jn 6 inappropriate
Gen 14:18; Ps 110:4; Heb 7:1-17 -Christ is a priest like Melchizedek, offering bread and wine
Acts 2:42 –“breaking of bread” refers to Eucharist
FAITH & WORKS
James 2:24 –not justified by faith alone
James 2:26 –faith without works is dead Gal 5:6 –we must have “faith working in love” Phil 2:12; 2 Cor 5:10; Rom 2:6-10, 13, 3:31; Mt 25:32-46; Gal 6:6-10; Rev 20:12 –works have merit
Jn 14:15 –if you love me, keep my commandments
1 Jn 2:3-4; 1 Jn 3:24; 1 Jn 5:3 -keep commandments
FASTING
Mt 6:16-18 –Jesus gives directions for how to fast
Mt 9:15 –Christ’s disciples will fast when he is gone
Mk 7:19 –all foods are called clean
1 Tim 4:4-5 –all foods are good
HELL EXISTS
Is 33:11-14 everlasting flames
Mt 25:41 depart, you accursed, into the eternal fire
Mt 25:46 these will go off to eternal punishment
Lk 3:16-17 the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire
2 Thes 1:6-9 these will pay the penalty of eternal ruin
HOMOSEXUALITY
Gen 1:27 –God made them male and female
Gen 19 –the homosexuals of Sodom destroyed
Lev 18:22 –homosexuality called “abomination”
Lev 20:13 –death penalty for homosexuality
Rom 1:27 –called unnatural, shameful, and a perversity
1 Cor 6:9 –active homosexuals will not inherit the kingdom of God
1 Tim 1:9-10 –homosexuals called “sinners”
JUSTIFICATION NOT MERELY FORENSIC OR IMPUTED
1 Jn 1:7, 2 Pet 1:9 -purified from sins
Jn 1:29, Heb 9:26-28 -takes away sin
Ps 50:3, Ps 102:12, Is 43:25 -blot out, clear away sin
Rom 2:13, Rom 3:20 -future justification
Heb 11:8-Gen 12:1-4; Rom 4:2-3-Gen 15:6; Jas 2:21-23-Gen 22:1-18 -justifications of Abraham
Jas 2:24 “You see that a man is justified by works and not by faith alone.”
2 Pet 1:4 -become partakers of the divine nature
MARY
Lk 1:42-48 -“blessed are you among women.”
Jn 2:1-5 -Mary’s intercession
Lk 1:43 –Mary is “Mother of God”
Immaculate Conception of Mary
The Immaculate Conception is thedoctrine that Mary was conceived without original sin by the “pre-applied” grace of Christ’s death on the cross
Gen 3:15 with Rev 12:1-17 Mary is the New Eve and enemy of the Serpent
Lk 1:28 -“Hail, full of grace! The Lord is with you.” The Greek word for “full of grace” is kecharitomene, denoting a plenitude of grace. Wherever grace is full, sin is absent.
Mary Ever-Virgin
John 19:26-27 -Jesus gives care of Mary to John, not one of his “brothers”
2 Sam 6:23; Gen 8:7, Dt 34:6 -passages demonstrating that “until” (Mt 1:25) does not denote consummation
Rev 11:19-12:3 -Mary is the Ark of the New Covenant and it would be unfitting for her sacred womb to be violated
The so-called “Brothers” of JesusIn Jewish antiquity, “brother” does not mean “blood brother” but simply “kinsman”
Gen 14:14 -Lot, Abraham’s nephew (Gen 11:26-28), described as Abraham’s brother (KJV)Gen 29:15 -Laban, Jacob’s uncle, calls Jacob his “brother” (KJV)
The “brothers” of Jesus number are actually the children of Mary the wife of Cleophas Mary wife of Cleophas and “sister” of the Virgin Mary (Jn 19:25) is the mother of James and Joseph (Mk 15:47; Mt 27:56) who are called the “brothers of Jesus” (Mk 6:3).
The number of the “brothers” of Jesus equals about 95 men!!!
Acts 1:12-15 says that there were 120 at Pentecost consisting of apostles (12 people), Mary (1 person), “some women” (about 12 people) and Jesus’ “brothers”—this means that the “brothers of Jesus numbered at about 95 people!!! Obviously “brothers” does not mean blood brothers.
Assumption & Coronation of Mary
Gen 5:24; Heb 11:5; 2 Kings 2:1-13 -Enoch and Elijah were assumed bodily into heaven
2 Tim 4:8, Jas 1:12, 1 Pet 5:4, Rev 2:10 -coronation awaits saints
ORIGINAL SIN
Gen 2:16-17 –the day you eat...you shall die (spiritual death)
Gen 3:11-19 -God’s punishment for eating of tree
Ps 51:5 –in sin my mother conceived me
Rom 5:12-19 –many became sinners through one man’s sin
1 Cor 15:21-23 –by man came death; in Adam all die
PETER & PAPACY
Peter, the first Pope, is named 195 times in the New Testament –more than all the other Apostles combined.
Mt 16:18 –on this rock (Peter) I will build my Church
Mt 16:19 –I will give you the keys of the kingdom...whatever you bind on earth is bound in heaven
Lk 22:32 –Peter’s faith will strengthen his brethren
Lk 24:34 –Peter is first apostle to see resurrected Christ
Jn 21:17 –Peter is Christ’s chief shepherd who “feeds the sheep”
Mk 16:7 –angel sent to announce resurrection to Peter
Acts 1:13-26 –Peter oversees election of Matthias
Acts 2:14 –Peter preaches first apostolic sermon
Acts 3:6-7 –Peter performs first apostolic miracle
Acts 8:21 –Peter excommunicates first heretic
Acts 10:44-46 –Peter baptizes first Gentile
Acts 15:7 –Peter presides over first apostolic council
Acts 15:19 –Peter pronounces first apostolic dogma
Gal 1:18 –Paul visits Peter after his conversion
PRIESTHOOD
The English word “priest” comes from the Greek work “presbyter” meaning “elder”.
Rom 15:16 Paul calls himself “a minister of Christ Jesus with the priestly dutyof proclaiming the gospel of God”
Acts 1:15-26; 2 Tim 2:2; Tit 1:5 -unbroken Apostolic Succession of laying on of hands
Acts 15:6,23; 1 Tim 4:14, 5:22; 1 Tim 5:17; Jas 5:13-15 -presbyters/elders (priests) were ordained to preach and administer the sacraments.
Lk 16:24; Rom 4; 1 Cor 4:14-15; Acts 7:2; 1 Thes 2:11; 1 Jn 2:13-14 -ministers called “father”
Gen 14:18; Ps 110:4; Heb 7:1-17 -priest forever according to order of Melchizedek, offering bread and wine.
PRAYERS FOR THE DEAD
2 Mac 12:43-46 -sacrifice for the dead
2 Tim 1:15-18 -Paul prays for the now deceased Onesiphorus for “that Day”
PURGATORY
Purgatory is the state where the Holy Spirit purifies people who are saved but who still need to repent of their particular sins. Christ remits eternal guilt at justification, but completes personal sanctificatin, if necessary, in purgatory.
1 Cor 3:15 -“he himself will be saved, but only as one escaping through the flames.”
Lk 12:59; 1 Pet 1:7; Mt 5:25-26 –examples of temporal punishment
Heb 12:6-11 -God’s painful discipline
Mt 12:32 -no forgiveness...nor in the age to come.
Rev 21:27 -nothing unclean shall enter heaven
Heb 12:23 -souls in heaven “having been made perfect.”
Col 1:24 -“extra” suffering
RELICS
2 Kgs 13:20-21 -Elisha’s bones give life to a dead man (1st class relic)
Mt 9:20-22 -Jesus’ garment cures a woman (2ndclass relic)
Acts 19:11,12 -handkerchiefs and aprons touch to Paul’s body heal the sick (3rdclass relic)
Acts 5:15-16 -Peter’s shadow thought to heal the sick
SAINTS
Mk 12:26-27 -“not God of the dead, but of the living.”
Jn 15:1-8 -vine and its branches
1 Cor 12:25-27; Rom 12:4-5 -body of Christ.
Eph 6:18; Rom 15:30; Col 4:3; 1 Thess 1:11 -intercessory prayer.
Jos 5:14; Dan 8:17; Tob 12:16 -veneration of angels united with God (Mt 18:10)
1 Cor 13:12; 1 John 3:2 -saints also united with God
Lk 20-34-38 -those who died are like angels
2 Mac 15:11-16 -deceased Onias and Jeremiah interceded for Jews
Rev 5:8; Rev 8:3-4 -saints in heaven presenting to the Lamb the prayers of those on earthSALVATION (“Have you been saved?”)Past Event (“I have been saved”)
Rom 8:24 –in you hope you were saved
Eph 2:5-8 –by grace you have been saved
2 Tim 1:9 –he saved us, he called us
Titus 3:5 –he saved us though the washing of regenerationPresent Event (“I am being saved”)
Phil 2:12 –work out your salvation with fear and trembling
1 Pet 1:9 –as you attain the goal of your faith, salvationFuture Event (“I will be saved”)
Mt 10:22 –he who endures to the end willbe saved
Mt 24:13 –he who perseveres to the end will be saved
Mk 8:35 –he who loses his life for my sake will save it
Acts 15:11 –we shall be saved through the grace of Jesus
Rom 5:9-10 –since we are justified, we shall be saved
Rom 13:11 –salvation is nearer now than when we first believed
1 Cor 3:15 –he will be saved, but only through fire
Heb 9:28 –Jesus will appear again to bring salvation“Once saved always saved” denied by Scripture
Mt 7:21 –Not everyone who says “Lord, Lord” will be saved
Mt 24:13 –he who perseveres to the end will be saved
Rom 11:21-22 -spare branches, continue or be cut off.
1 Cor 9:27 -“I beat my body and make it my slave so that after I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified for the prize.”
1 Cor 10:12 -“So, if you think you are standing firm, be careful that you don’t fall!.”
Gal 5:4-“You who are trying to be justified by law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace.”
Gal 5:4 –“you have fallen from grace”
Phil 2:12 -“work out salvation with fear and trembling.”
Heb 4:1 -“the promise of entering his rest still stands, let us be careful that none of you be found to have fallen short of it.”
Heb 6:4-6 –describes “enlightened” Christians who have fallen away from Christ
Heb 10:26-29 -“worse punishment ... for the man who has spurned the Son of God, and profaned the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and outraged the Spirit of grace”
Jas 5:19-20 -Christians can “wander from the truth,” which leads to “death”
2 Pet 2:1 -“even denying the Master who bought them, bringing upon themselves swift destruction.”
2 Pet 2:20 –some have come to knowledge of Christ but they have returned to sin and their end is worse than their beginnings
1 Jn 5:16-17 -some sins are mortal, some not
SCRIPTURE & TRADITION
Jn 21:25 -not everything is in the Bible
2 Thess 2:15; 2 Tim 2:2; 1 Cor 11:2; 1 Thess 2:13 -Paul speaks of oral tradition
Acts 2:42 -early Christians followed apostolic tradition
2 Pet 3:16 -Bible hard to understand, meaning easily distorted
2 Jn 1:12; 3 Jn 1:13-14 -more oral tradition
2 Pet 1:20-21 -against personal interpretation of Bible
Acts 8:31; Heb 5:12 -guidance needed to interpret scriptures
SEVEN SACRAMENTS INSTITUTED BY CHRIST
1.Baptism -Mt 28:19
2.Confirmation -Acts 8:14-17; Heb 6:2
3.Eucharist -Mt 26:26-29
4.Penance -John 20:21-23
5.Anointing of Sick -Mk 6:13, James 5:14-15
6.Holy Orders -Acts 6:3-6; 1 Tim. 3:1; 1 Tim. 3:8-9; 1 Tim. 4:14-16; 1 Tim. 5:17-19-22
7.Matrimony -Mt 19:10-11; Eph 5:31-32
STATUES & ICONS
Ex 25:18-22, 26:1, 31; Num 21:8-9 -God commands sacred images to be made
1 Kgs 6:23-29, 35, 7:29 -Solomon’s Temple contained both statues and images
TRINITY(one Substance, three divine Persons)
Mt 28:19 –Baptism is Trinitarian “I baptize you inthe name (singular) of the Father, and of Son, and of Holy Spirit.”Jesus is a Divine Person
Jn 1:1 the Word was with God and the Word was God
Jn 8:58-59 –Before Abraham was, I AM
Jn 10:30 –Jesus “I and the Father are one."
Jn 20:28 –Jesus accepts Thomas’ words “My Lord and my God!”
Col 2:9 –in [Jesus] dwells bodily the whole fullness of GodHoly Spirit is a Divine Person
Jn 14:26 –the Holy Spririt will teach you all things
Acts 5:3-4 –lying to the Holy Spirit is lying to God
Acts 13:2 –“Holy Spiritsaid, ‘Set apart for me...’”
WORSHIP
Rev 4:8 –heavenly hosts repeat set prayers
1 Kg 8:54; 2 Chr 6:13; Ezra 9:5; Mt 17:14; Lk 5:8 –kneeling as a position of prayer and worship
Rev 5:8; 8:3-4 –incense used in New Testament
1 Cor 12 -different roles of members of body
Heb 13:10; Rev 8:3 –Christian worship involves an altar
Rev 4:4 –elders/presbyters (priests) wearing vestments in worship
Heresies Checklist
oDocetism teaches that Jesus only appeared to be human. On the contrary, the Catholic Church teaches that Christ if fully God and fully man.
oArianism teaches that Jesus not fully God. On the contrary, the Catholic Church teaches that Christ if fully God and fully man.
oNestorianism teaches that Jesus is two “persons” -Jesus the human son of Mary and Jesus the divine Son of God. On the contrary, the Catholic Church teaches that Christ is one person with two natures: divine nature and human nature.
oMonophysitism teaches that Jesus is fully God but not fully man. The Catholic Church teaches that Christ hastwo natures: divine nature and human nature.
oMonothelitism teaches that Jesus has only one will. The Catholic Church teaches that Christ has two wills: a divine will and a human will belonging to His human soul.
oIconoclasm teaches that images are idolatrous. On the contrary, the Catholic Church defends the use of Christian (not pagan) images since Christ became visible through the incarnation.
oPelagianism denies original sin and teaches that grace is not necessary for salvation. The Catholic Church teachesthat we are born in original sin and saved by grace through faith and works.
The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus is:
oSecond Person of the Trinity
oOne divine person with two natures (divine & human)
o100% divine (Son of God)
o100% human (Son of Mary)oChrist or Messiah (Son of David)
oRose from the dead and is seated at Father’s right hand
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Ref.: newsaintthomas.com
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